However, it would be pointless to argue whether the MIA model mimics a specific disease. The MIA model is also used to study other psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia it has been controversial as to whether it is appropriate to consider it an “ASD model.” Indeed, infection during pregnancy may be associated with various central nervous system disorders. The poly(I:C) model mimics not only the behaviors observed in ASDs but also the neuroanatomical changes such as disordered cerebellar Purkinje cell location and decreased expression of inhibitory interneuron-related proteins. 48,49 In addition, behavioral abnormalities related to ASDs such as increased anxiety, learning disability, paresthesia and seizures have been observed in the poly(I:C) model. When poly(I:C) is intraperitoneally administered to pregnant mice and rats, the offspring showed the main symptoms of ASDs including decreased social behavior, impaired communication and persistent behavior. Poly(I:C) is a double-stranded RNA that elicits an immune response by activating toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Ryuta Koyama, in Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 2020 2.3.2.2 Poly(I:C) administration IL-1R antagonist treatment rescued neurons from poly(I:C) and 6-OHDA toxicity ( Deleidi et al., 2010). The authors also found that the chemokines, MCP-1, and RANTES were significantly elevated in the SN, and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and TGF-β1 were elevated in the dorsolateral striatum of poly(I:C)-induced rats.
In addition, it causes a long-lasting inflammatory reaction in the SN and dorsolateral striatum that involves microglia, astrocytes, and perivascular and parenchymal CD68 + macrophages.
Single poly(I:C) administration does not cause SN neurodegeneration, but it increases the susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons to a subsequent low dose of 6-OHDA ( Deleidi et al., 2010). It was administered to the SN at a dose of 10–40 μg with microinfusion pumps to induce PD. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid is a TLR3 agonist molecule that was used in a rat model of PD ( Deleidi, Hallett, Koprich, Chung, & Isacson, 2010). Kursad Genc, in Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, 2012 5.3.2 Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
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